A 1981 Tax Law means AWS Costs are a Tax Credit

In September 2022, Adobe announced that it was buying Figma, the extremely popular product design tool, for $20 billion. Since its founding a decade ago, Figma has become an indispensable part of the tech world’s product design toolbag, so the news reverberated across the Valley and beyond. For Figma CFO Praveer Melwani, it wasn’t a ripple compared to a much bigger wake rolling through his life. “​​It’s funny how timing works out,” he tells us, grinning. “My wife's due date was the same day we were scheduled to announce.”

Praveer is from Toronto and went to school at Western University in Ontario where he studied business administration. His dad was a dental supply salesman and Praveer always envisioned that he’d join the family business, but he had an itch to get out of Canada for a while before coming home. So, he applied for jobs in San Francisco, landing a role at Union Square Advisors in the summer of 2012. “It was just a little bit of luck and good fortune,” he says. Based on where it all went from there, that framing seems like more than a bit of an oversimplification.

The Rise at Dropbox

Dropbox was scaling rapidly in 2014 and the Strategic Finance team was interviewing hundreds of candidates in an effort to hire the best handful of people to come join. Praveer wowed in his interviews and was offered a spot on the burgeoning team. “Rather than go through the standard venture, hedge fund, or private equity route, when the folks at Dropbox presented this opportunity that sounded like more than finance, I said yes,” he explains. “I had the fluency and understanding of what's going in the P&L so I could help drive some of the business-oriented tasks forward, but, ultimately, I was more excited to learn how this business ticked and moved. That's what drew me in.”       

The StratFin team that Ajay Vashee had been tasked to build was designed to attract high-achievers who thought differently about finance. The mandate at the time at Dropbox was “get the very best people in the world to join,” as Ajay explained it, to keep the company on a best-in-class growth trajectory. It proved a perfect fit for Praveer. “I view my capabilities as someone who can come in as a structured thinker and help someone frame a problem in a thoughtful way,” Praveer says. “But I get excited about learning and I get excited about having a much broader footprint than just like the core spreadsheet and operating model.”

Eventually, that desire to expand his footprint led him to leave Dropbox for the Business Operations team at NerdWallet in September 2016. Ten months in, he was laid off. “Within six months, I was already getting to the place where I was itching to do something a little bit different. Soon enough, it was a last-person-in, first-person-out situation,” he says. “But, had I not gotten that kick in the pants to go and look, I don't know if I would have found Figma.”

He credits good luck for much of his success but does admit it’s not the whole story. “Timing, the relationships you have with the people around you, and your ability to react are what make you successful,” he says. “But I think so much of it — the majority of it — is luck.”

Designing Finance at Figma

When Praveer was hired at Figma in July 2017, it was still a small startup. He was the first business ops hire; his role was amorphous but he quickly was tasked with managing finance and accounting. “My first set of projects was setting up our Stripe instance, making sure that the data was flowing in the right way,” he remembers. “We were using Gusto for payroll and so everything was on autopay. I was just hoping and praying that things were going right.”

Quickly, Praveer began thinking strategically — once a StratFinner, always a StratFinner — and began spending time working in concert with the team launching Figma Pro. “I spent a lot of my energy making sure that the data pipelines were really flowing between our financial systems and what we were seeing on the product side,” he says. That ultimately became my foray to drive conversation around how our users are navigating our funnel and what they’re doing once they're actually on one of our paid plans.”

That first bit of insight gave Praveer entry into high-level leadership conversations. “I found myself being able to provide insights and it actually informed some of the product decisions and the ways in which we structured our sales orgs.” It became clear to the Figma executives that Praveer could deliver strategic advantages if they let him build a finance team. 

“Over the next couple of years, we then went from a one-tier company to having a couple of tiers. We went from purely self-serve to having a sales team,” he says. “The team that I was going to architect would tackle building the business infrastructure that would keep pace with the company as we were scaling.”

As he hired, Praveer would give applicants a “silly Excel test” — he figured: “If you understood the ins and outs of the financial statement, you can build a model.” Soon, he built out a team that could tackle any financial task that was thrown their way. “I still would say that today, I'm by no means an expert, but I have tried to hire around myself so that I can feel confident in the collective expertise at Figma,” he says. “I brought on Tyler Herb as our controller who previously was at Slack for a number of years. We brought on an audit committee chair on our board, Kelly Kramer, who was previously a storied and tenured CFO at Cisco. So, I think surrounding myself with the right people was essential.”

Finance Thrives By Mastering Product and Sales

Praveer has always been curious to understand all aspects of the businesses he’s worked for and he stressed that same curiosity for his team at Figma. “I pushed my org to always have a pulse on the core sets of drivers and metrics for what is actually the heartbeat of Figma and how can we use that to help drive conversations with the product or to go-to-market teams,” he explains. “I’ve always had that desire and excitement to go and learn about an area that you may not necessarily need to know everything about for your core craft on the finance team. But if you do, that knowledge will make you that much more of an impactful partner, which is part of the core fabric of the culture that we built.”

His finance team was first and foremost focused on driving good financial accountability and hygiene, because “we had aspirations of where we wanted to go,” he says. “We felt that if things keep going, we're going to be in a position where we're going to have wanted to have the rigor a couple of years prior, so that we have a set of financials that folks feel are reliable and thoughtful.” 

But that didn’t mean Praveer’s team focused solely on accounting. He’d created a culture where finance could be a motor for innovation and he always encouraged his team to explore every aspect of the company and see where they could lend insight. “And individuals were getting rewarded for it. They were seeing that the conversations that they were getting pulled into were really unique,” he says. “The experiences that they were having at Figma were materially different than they had in other places because they were pushed to do more.”

Building a Tool Customers Want to Pay For

Early on at Figma, the team offered the service for free. As Praveer sees it, CEO Dylan Field and his team were craftspeople and wanted to keep tinkering until their tool was perfect enough to charge for. 

But it was clear to the investors and the business side that Figma had found a pocket of users who knew their product design tool was indispensable. Everyone at Figma finally agreed that charging was the best way to make certain their business — which designers had come to rely on — would be sustainable for the long run. “Customers explained, ‘The only way that we can continue to invest in Figma as a tool for our broader design team is to know that you guys are actually charging for it because that's how we can know this tool isn't going to go away,’” Praveer says. “And so, part of our story is: if you've got something, charge for it, because people will know that you see value in it. They’ll invest in the solution you’re delivering and the system will grow as well.”

Figma took the lesson to heart. They knew their core customers were designers and they wanted to be as transparent as possible with them. They believed there was value in that trust. “We don't discount our product. What you see on the website is what you get. We're really transparent with it and we wanted to use that to our advantage over time,” Praveer says, explaining that their competitors approached pricing very differently than Figma. “We would lean on that transparency and then we’d put our money where our mouth is by delivering outsized value to the customer. That's been one of the core values that we believe continues to be true: we want to make sure that as we invest in the community of designers who ultimately will become our advocates. We want to make it feel like it's a no-brainer decision to pay for the tool.” 

A Network of Expertise

Praveer came to Figma when there were fewer than 30 employees as the first biz ops hire. Today, the company has over 1,300 employees and has announced a pending $20 billion sale to Adobe. So, how did Praveer grow in his role as his responsibilities and Figma expanded? “When someone asks me what they should do when they're new in a role, I always say: find that individual that you can ask questions to and not feel any shame. Honestly, no question is a dumb question, especially when you're trying to build something for the first time.”

He leaned heavily on peers from his days at Dropbox who had moved on and helped scale other businesses. There isn’t a situation he can think of when he took on a new task for the first time and didn’t make a call to someone to ask a question or two. It’s that network of expertise that’s allowed him to feel confident as he makes decisions on a larger and larger scale. “Being able to just pick up the phone and learn from folks, whether it’s an idea either for benchmarking or for the type of person to hire, I don't think I could have been able to do it without having folks in my corner,” Praveer says. “So, when given the opportunity to speak and share or have a conversation, I'm always in this like pay-it-forward mentality. I will have a conversation with nearly anyone because I also get a lot of energy from it, but I also think that's what's gotten me to the place that I'm in right now.”

So, yes, he’s been lucky. But clearly, good fortune is just a small part of the equation.

A reminder from Neo.Tax: The tax deadline for S-Corps is coming soon!

For any S-Corp — defined by the IRS as “corporations that elect to pass corporate income, losses, deductions, and credits through to their shareholders for federal tax purposes” — the extension tax deadline is September 15, 2023. So, now is the time to get your books in order and to file your R&D tax credit.

Set up a call with one of our tax experts who can walk you through our automated, streamlined process — because you’re filing in September, you’ll be able to claim the tens of thousands you’re owed by the start of Q4 rather than waiting until 2024.

An important note for California S-Corps: though the state granted extensions for all California companies impacted by last winter’s storms, S-Corps still need to file in September rather than October along with all other companies.

Don’t hesitate to reach out with any questions — we’re here to help!

What’s the best path to the top finance job at a unicorn? And how does a first-time CFO who guides a company to an $8.2 billion IPO get his start? For Ajay Vashee, General Partner at IVP, who spent 8 years at Dropbox, it started on Wall Street. “I actually had a really good experience in investment banking,” Ajay tells us of his time at Morgan Stanley with a smile. “Most people don’t.”

But for Ajay, who parlayed an internship at Morgan Stanley while a student at Columbia into an analyst role at the bank, the experience was illuminating. The training programs allowed him exposure to Excel, three-statement modeling, and IPOs — all of which would inform the rest of his career. “It was a great way to learn the nuts and bolts of finance,” he says. And another perk? His work on cleantech financing brought him to the West Coast and eventually led him to the world of software.

Ajay went from Morgan Stanley to NEA. He spent time studying Series A startups at a fascinating moment for tech: 2008-2012. There were some misses — “we invested in Fisker over Tesla, which was not a good decision in retrospect” — but also some big wins. “We were one of the earliest investors in Tableau,’” he remembers. “Eventually, Salesforce bought the company for $15.7 billion.”

At the stage of company that Ajay was investing in with NEA, the real strategy is to “bet on the team and the potential,” and one company stood out from the rest: Dropbox. They did their diligence on the firm and tried to invest, but Dropbox didn’t need money at the time. One of his colleagues, Sujay Jaswa, was so taken with Dropbox that when they offered him a job, he decided to leave NEA for the growing startup.

StratFin at Dropbox

For the next year, Sujay and Dropbox cofounders Drew Houston and Arash Ferdowsi recruited Ajay. They finally convinced him. “The pitch which resonated with me was, ‘If you’re convinced that you want to build a career as an investor, a lot of the best investors are folks who were operators themselves,” Ajay says. “‘They understand the businesses and companies they’re looking at better. They’re able to empathize with the founders and entrepreneurs that they fund. They are able to genuinely help the companies they invest in on their journey to an IPO and beyond. And you’re just going to have a better nose for the business.’”   

Ajay arrived and felt like he had “this unfair advantage” because of his time working as a VC. “Dropbox totally was in the early innings, but on that trajectory at the time,” Ajay says. “As a VC, you know how every company is doing and I knew that Dropbox just had something special going on.”

He’d been observing board meetings, so understood what would eventually differentiate Dropbox. “It is bi-directional because you walk in armed as an operator now with all this context on what great looks like across your portfolio: what does a great software company look like? What’s a great growth rate? What are SaaS metrics that matter? When can you tell someone’s going off the rails? How do you have difficult conversations with folks that you have to let go on the team? What do you look for in great talent?” he says.

He had joined a company with “a bare-bones finance organization”: a couple of people on the accounting team and one person working on payroll and accounts payables. He was the first financial planning and analysis (FP&A) hire. Right away, he got started on getting a company model up and running. “Just having a view of the business that was reflective of what was actually happening at Dropbox and working through our first planning process and building a budget and things like that,” he says. “Then there were some one-off projects: ‘Hey, we want help modeling what this new product could look like if we were to launch it’ or ‘We want to understand: if we add this feature, then are we going to improve monetization?’ That's how it worked initially.”

Eventually, Ajay was tasked with building an entire Strategic Finance team. The mandate at the time at Dropbox was “get the very best people in the world to join” to keep the company on a best-in-class growth trajectory. “It was about team building and hiring really smart, high-horsepower folks to join our finance team. We wanted to hire folks who were coming out of Goldman Sachs or top venture funds or awesome consulting programs and a lot of them didn’t want to join in like a traditional FP&A role. They wanted to do something that was a little bit more strategy-oriented; that could have more impact,” he says. “So, we created this team called Strategic Finance to facilitate bringing that talent in. That was the genesis of StratFin.”

Growing Along With the CFO Role

In 2016, Ajay was promoted from Dropbox’s Head of Corporate Development to Dropbox CFO. He’d spent time getting to know “the nuts and bolts of finance” in his first position as Head of Finance and then spent “a lot of time in a more strategic role on M&A” in his next role, which prepared him for the CFO position. But still, Ajay admits that he was an unconventional choice for the position. “Our CEO Drew didn’t feel like he had to go hire the person who’d done it three times if he felt like someone had that potential internally,” Ajay says. “Not all leaders and CEOs operate that way. But he really had a leaning towards that and he had an eye for talent.”

So, Ajay took the reigns of the finance side of a company with 500 million users in 2016. Right away, he looked for mentors and found them on Dropbox’s board. “We had a couple of former CFOs on the board who felt like they could play a really active mentorship role with me when I was there. The former CFO of Priceline and Booking and then the former CFO of Nike were both on our board,” Ajay says. “They were like, ‘Hey, we’re willing to take Ajay on as a mentee and mentor him through stepping into the CFO role through Dropbox’s IPO and beyond.” 

He leaned on those mentors, and his unique experience — starting in investing and then building and growing with the finance team at Dropbox — to master the role. And, critically, Ajay continued to hire the best people for the role and lean on them to get to the best result. “So, I had a CEO who was willing to make that bet. I had a couple of former CFOs on the board who had a lot of credibility. And then I built a team around me that had much more experience than me working at a public company in a finance function and who'd been through the IPO process in the world of accounting FP&A, tax treasury, those kinds of functions,” he says. “So, it was the three different elements there that allowed me to do what I did.” 

The Dropbox IPO

“I became CFO, a year later, we were on file with the SEC to go public, and then three months after that we were public,” Ajay says. “So, like 15 months after I became CFO, we were a public company.”

It’s a staggering feat to imagine going from zero CFO experience to a public offering at $8.2 billion. But Ajay nailed it. He’d spent years watching the finance side of Dropbox from every angle and helped walk everyone else through the intricacies. “We ran mock earnings calls and we had a really buttoned-up accounting-close process. We had world-class auditors we were working with,” he says. “We were operating like a public company almost right away.”

He’d seen the differences on the finance side of a growth-stage private company and of a public company. “The level of rigor with which you’re examining the business, the way you’re running your planning process, the way you’re holding every team accountable to what they deliver for the company, the way you’re narrowing down your forecast accuracy and running your budget versus actual, the way you’re talking about the business and measuring it and writing about it, all that changes,” he says. “It really was night and day.”

But Ajay and his team actually loved the process — I know, it sounds strange! But the guy who’d started as an analyst was invigorated by the process of drilling deep into his own company. “For us, our IPO was actually a very energizing and illuminating process. It forced everyone to come together and think really hard about who we are as a company, what we want to be in the future, and to communicate that in a way that the world could understand,” he says.  “For investors who knew nothing about the business until we walked into a meeting as part of a roadshow, can we communicate in 30 minutes exactly what we do in a way that would be very compelling and get them to invest? They'd have to understand. The press would have to understand. Anyone reading our S-1 would have to understand. So, it forces you to go through that exercise, which is like strategically very beneficial to the company if you get it right.”

Clearly, they got it right. Dropbox’s stock rose more than 40% the day it first traded as a public company in 2018. 

Strategic Financing is Key for Companies

In 2021, Ajay left Dropbox to become a general partner at IVP. But he leans on the lessons he learned at Dropbox when considering investments. He tells us a story about Dropbox which helps illuminate the power of strategic finance for a growing company. 

Dropbox initially scaled on AWS, but there was a moment when they realized they should invest in building their own cloud-based infrastructure. Finance was brought in right away to tackle issues like investment timelines and depreciation schedules for infrastructure. “Our team was really intertwined with everything we did as a business,” he says. “They were intimately involved in: What should we build next? What should we buy next? How is that going to inflect our trajectory?” There was intensive modeling done in unison by the finance and infrastructure teams, and eventually, the decision was made to take on the massive effort. “It was a four-year project. We spent hundreds of millions of dollars to build out our own data center footprint across the country and then migrate exabytes of data from AWS to Dropbox,” Ajay says. “That project allowed us to grow from a 42% gross margin to an 80% gross margin. And speaking of what allows you to go public: moves like that opened up the IPO option for the company. Because the 40% gross margin SaaS business is not super exciting for a public market investor. But an 80% business is very exciting.”

Today, he tells the CFOs and Heads of Finance that he mentors to be pushing for 30-40% of your dollars to be spent on future growth — whether that’s people or other investments that can pay off down the road. “The thing that is a red flag for me is when I hear a finance leader, the go-to-market team, or the sales team, and part of their planning process is asking, ‘What’s the plan for next year?’” he says. “We have a major issue if that’s the way your finance organization is operating versus them saying, ‘Here’s the plan for next year.’ The ones that say, ‘Here’s the plan, and here’s how we’re going to make it happen,’ are the ones who will realize the full potential of a company. If your finance team is not doing that, then you are not realizing your potential.”